Customer Satisfaction Metrics: 4 Key Measures to Track

Q: What are customer satisfaction metrics?

Customer satisfaction metrics are quantitative measurements that help businesses track how satisfied customers are with their products, services, and overall experience. The four most important metrics are NPS (Net Promoter Score), CSAT (Customer Satisfaction Score), CES (Customer Effort Score), and CAC (Customer Acquisition Cost).

Q: What are the 4 main customer satisfaction metrics?

The four main customer satisfaction metrics are:

Q: How do you measure customer satisfaction?

To measure customer satisfaction effectively:

Q: Which customer satisfaction metric should I use?

The best approach is to use multiple metrics together:

Q: What is a good NPS score?

A good NPS score varies by industry, but general guidelines are: Context matters - compare your score to your industry benchmark and track improvement over time.

Q: How often should I measure customer satisfaction metrics?

Recommended measurement frequency: Avoid survey fatigue by spacing out comprehensive surveys and using targeted micro-surveys for real-time feedback.

A best practice among leading companies is to use a few focused metrics together, as no individual measurement can provide a complete picture on its own. The goal of your metrics is to help your leadership predict future business needs and make adjustments to operations that can lead to lasting improvements in customer satisfaction, relationships, and revenue growth. Here are four essential metrics that have stood the test of time and remain effective measures of customer satisfaction.

Customer Satisfaction Metrics Comparison

Here's a quick comparison of the four key customer satisfaction metrics to help you understand when to use each one:

Metric	What It Measures	How to Calculate	Good Score	When to Use
NPS (Net Promoter Score)	Customer loyalty and likelihood to recommend	% Promoters - % Detractors	50+ is excellent, 30-40 is average, 0+ is good	Measure overall brand sentiment and customer loyalty
CSAT (Customer Satisfaction Score)	Satisfaction with a specific interaction or product	(Sum of scores ÷ Total responses) × 100	75-85% is good, 85%+ is excellent	Collect real-time feedback after support interactions
CES (Customer Effort Score)	Ease of completing a specific task or interaction	Average score on 1-7 scale (lower is better)	Below 3 is excellent, 3-4 is good	Identify friction points in customer journey
CAC (Customer Acquisition Cost)	Cost efficiency of acquiring new customers	Total marketing costs ÷ New customers acquired	Varies by industry; should be < Customer Lifetime Value	Evaluate marketing ROI and optimize spending

1. Net Promoter Score (NPS)

The Net Promoter Score is a complex metric that presents a lot more information about your brand. The NPS was first introduced in a 2003 article by Fredrick F. Reichheld in Harvard Business Review after two years of research on customer loyalty. It remains an important metric for any organization serious about customer engagement as it captures the overall sentiment a customer has based on their interaction with a brand.

The NPS asks customers to answer a single question: “How likely are you to recommend [this company] to a friend or colleague?” Customers rate this question with a score of 1-10, with 0 being never likely to 10 being definitely likely. Based on the ratings, customers are divided into three categories:

Promoters (9-10) – These are your most loyal customers who are very likely to purchase more from your brand in the future.
Passives (7-8) – A difficult group to influence, these customers are generally satisfied by your product or service but are unlikely to remain loyal in the face of reasonable competition.
Detractors (0-6) – At best, this group can be considered indifferent, and, at lower scores, these customers are highly dissatisfied. They are very likely to share their dissatisfaction with others.

To calculate the actual NPS, you take the percentage of Promoters from your overall survey pool and subtract the percentage of Detractors. This calculation provides a score that ranges from -100 to +100. A positive score is considered good, anything over 50 is excellent, and a negative score means that significant improvement is needed. Most industries have an average score of around 30-40.

2. Customer Satisfaction Score (CSAT)

The Customer Satisfaction Score gives you an indication of how satisfied a customer is with your product or service offering. It is measured by asking the customer to rate their satisfaction on a scale of 1-5, with 1 being very unsatisfied and 5 being very satisfied.

This metric is especially useful because it can be easily presented at the end of a customer service interaction and gives you real-time feedback about your performance. Reviewing these results over time can highlight trends in your ability to improve service, and it provides a simple and direct baseline metric for your service organization. Along with other customer satisfaction metrics, monitoring how CSAT scores change over time can reveal the impact of new customer service tools or processes. For example, you might find that CSAT scores improve after implementing a solution such as a shared inbox to ensure that no customer service inquiries fall through the cracks.

3. Customer Effort Score (CES)

Customer Effort Score gives you a measurement of your customer’s effort required to interact with your business. The metric is typically collected by asking customers a single question that asks them how difficult it is to perform a specific action. Some examples include the ease of leaving a review, making a purchase, or contacting the customer support staff.

Like the CSAT, it is usually asked right after a service call or visit to collect a timely and accurate measurement based on the customer’s experience. The primary benefit of the CES is the very focused nature of the question. It gives your team direct information about a particular aspect of your customer experience process that may need improvement.

4. Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC)

Customer Acquisition Cost is an important metric that has become especially relevant in today’s digital environment that enables highly targeted advertising. It’s used by companies and their investors to understand how profitable a company’s marketing efforts are and what may be done to improve them. To measure CAC, you divide a company’s marketing costs during a time frame by the number of new customers acquired during that same period.

It’s important to audit the data to understand any factors that affect the results, such as significant or long-term investments in marketing infrastructure or campaigns. Tracking your CAC metric over time will allow you to focus on improving your conversion metrics, measure the effects of any improvements to customer experience, and measure the impacts of major system improvements such as implementing a customer portal or knowledge base software.

It can be challenging to understand a customer's journey with your brand from end to end. As mentioned above, the best strategy for measurement is a holistic approach. By evaluating multiple points along your customer experience journey, you can make more informed business decisions and, most importantly, understand the effectiveness of any changes you are making as your business develops.

How to Calculate Customer Satisfaction Metrics: Step-by-Step Examples

Calculating NPS (Net Promoter Score)

Example: You surveyed 200 customers and received these responses:

100 customers rated 9-10 (Promoters) = 50%
60 customers rated 7-8 (Passives) = 30%
40 customers rated 0-6 (Detractors) = 20%

Formula: NPS = % Promoters - % Detractors

Calculation: 50% - 20% = 30 NPS

This score of 30 is considered average for most industries. Scores above 50 are excellent, while negative scores indicate serious issues.

Calculating CSAT (Customer Satisfaction Score)

Example: After 100 support interactions, you received:

5-star ratings: 60 responses
4-star ratings: 25 responses
3-star ratings: 10 responses
2-star ratings: 3 responses
1-star ratings: 2 responses

Formula: CSAT = (Number of satisfied customers ÷ Total responses) × 100

Typically, ratings of 4 and 5 are considered "satisfied."

Calculation: (60 + 25) ÷ 100 × 100 = 85% CSAT

A CSAT score of 85% is excellent, indicating strong customer satisfaction with your support interactions.

Calculating CES (Customer Effort Score)

Example: You asked 150 customers "How easy was it to resolve your issue?" on a scale of 1-7 (1 = very easy, 7 = very difficult):

Total score sum: 450 points
Total responses: 150

Formula: CES = Total score sum ÷ Total responses

Calculation: 450 ÷ 150 = 3.0 CES

A score of 3.0 is good. Lower scores (closer to 1) indicate less effort required, which correlates with higher customer loyalty.

Calculating CAC (Customer Acquisition Cost)

Example: Your SaaS company spent in Q1:

Paid advertising: $30,000
Marketing team salaries: $20,000
Marketing software tools: $5,000
Total marketing spend: $55,000

New customers acquired in Q1: 110 customers

Formula: CAC = Total marketing costs ÷ New customers acquired

Calculation: $55,000 ÷ 110 = $500 CAC

Whether this is good depends on your Customer Lifetime Value (LTV). A healthy ratio is LTV:CAC of 3:1 or higher.

Industry Benchmarks for Customer Satisfaction Metrics

Understanding how your scores compare to industry standards helps you set realistic goals and identify areas for improvement.

NPS Benchmarks by Industry

Industry	Average NPS	Top Performers
SaaS/Software	30-40	60+
E-commerce	45-50	70+
Financial Services	35-40	55+
Telecommunications	25-30	50+
Healthcare	30-35	55+
Insurance	30-35	50+

What is a good NPS? Any positive NPS (above 0) is good, 50+ is excellent, and 70+ is world-class.

CSAT Benchmarks by Industry

Industry	Average CSAT	Top Performers
SaaS/Software	78-85%	90%+
E-commerce	80-85%	90%+
Financial Services	75-80%	88%+
Customer Support	80-85%	92%+
Retail	75-80%	88%+

What is a good CSAT score? 75-85% is good, 85%+ is excellent, and 90%+ is exceptional.

CES Benchmarks

Since CES is typically measured on a 1-7 scale (lower is better):

Excellent: 1.0 - 2.5 (Very low effort)
Good: 2.5 - 3.5 (Low to moderate effort)
Needs Improvement: 3.5 - 5.0 (Moderate to high effort)
Critical: 5.0+ (Very high effort - risk of churn)

Industry insight: Research shows that 96% of customers who experience high-effort interactions become more disloyal, compared to only 9% who have low-effort experiences.

CAC Benchmarks by Industry

Industry	Average CAC	LTV:CAC Ratio
SaaS (B2B)	$200-$500	3:1 to 5:1
SaaS (B2C)	$50-$150	3:1 to 4:1
E-commerce	$10-$50	3:1 to 5:1
Financial Services	$200-$500	4:1 to 6:1

What is a good CAC? Your CAC should be at least 3x lower than your Customer Lifetime Value (LTV). A 3:1 LTV:CAC ratio is good, 4:1 or higher is excellent.

Frequently Asked Questions About Customer Satisfaction Metrics

What are customer satisfaction metrics?

Customer satisfaction metrics are quantitative measurements that help businesses track how satisfied customers are with their products, services, and overall experience. The four most important metrics are NPS (Net Promoter Score), CSAT (Customer Satisfaction Score), CES (Customer Effort Score), and CAC (Customer Acquisition Cost).

What are the 4 main customer satisfaction metrics?